Program Generators
Let's go way back, way way back, to the late 1980s.
We used an application at work which was very much "closed source" and I managed to get hold of it's source code.
Examining my booty, I was struck by the fact that it was of appallingly low quality. Each source file was about 3 times longer than it needed to be and the logic was so twisted and convoluted it was almost incomprehensible.
This was very simple CRUD database code. It wasn't possible to do anything that complicated back then because our computers were kinda lacking in RAM, disc space and processing power.
Some people at work "explained" to me that this was "perfectly OK" because our supplier used a new idea (that we would now call "low code" or "no code" but those terms didn't exist back then) called "program generators".
We had a problem with this system that it ran so very very slowly it just couldn't cope with our workload and it was absolutely riddled with bugs.
Many people at the users' group meeting complained so bitterly that our supplier's technical director (their only employee who had any ability to actually write code) was doing a tour of their customers trying to fix the bugs and performance issues on site. His visit to our company was the point at which I managed to "steal" the source code.